This document is a fundamental tool for strengthening the legal recognition of PIA in South America, providing principles and methodological guidelines to the States and organizations working for their protection and unifying technical and scientific criteria for the recognition of these peoples and their territories, positioning the situation of the PIA in key decision-making spaces. The report represents a milestone in the defense of PIA, the result of the commitment and collaboration of numerous indigenous and civil society organizations. This work continues to evolve and is key to further progress in the protection
of these peoples and their territories in the face of the growing threats they face.

According to the International Working Group for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples in Isolation and Initial Contact (gti-piaci)1, in South America, there are 188 records of Indigenous Peoples in Isolation – pia (acronym in spanish). Of these, only 60 are officially “recognized registers”, leaving 128 registers that, for the States, do not exist. However, there are 31 records recognized by indigenous peoples and civil society organizations (ngos) that are not included in the official lists of the States.